Author: Oncologic Advisors

Red Grapes, Resveratrol Products, and Cancer Treatment: Myth or Medicine?

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by Oncologic Advisors

Many of us are familiar with the purported benefits of red wine and red grapes in fighting cancer, preventing heart disease, and treating a wide array of illnesses and ailments. Grape seed extract, resveratrol products, and other grape-based products and supplements are widely available on the shelf at many health food stores, and the idea of having a glass of red wine at dinner “for your health” has become a relatively common bit of advice (MedPage Today).

But are the alleged curative properties of grapes verifiable through science, or is their effect just pseudoscience? And what role, if any, do grapes really play in the prevention and treatment of cancer? A team of researchers at Pennsylvania State University hopes to find out.

EXCITING RESEARCH, BUT NOT A SILVER BULLET

In a 2016 study published in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (a peer-reviewed journal), the team at Penn State (comprised of researchers affiliated with the Pennsylvania State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Food Science, and Department of Plant Science)  posited that a combination of grape seed extract combined with resveratrol – a naturally-occurring bioactive compound in the skin of red grapes and some berries – may indeed have promising anti-cancer properties when used to treat colorectal cancer in both mice and human stem cells (BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine).

In the lab, the researchers tested the effectiveness of grape compounds against sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a demonstrated ability to treat colon cancer. One group of mice was treated with a combination of resveratrol products and grape seed extract, another with sulindac, and another kept as a control. Both the sulindac group and the group treated with the resveratrol products/grape seed extract combo saw reduced tumor incidence by over 50%. In addition, the resveratrol products/grape seed extract group saw reduced gastrointestinal toxicity (stomach and intestinal ulcers, which are common side-effects of sulindac). This is an exciting result: in mice, at least, the resveratrol products/grape seed extract combo appears to be about as effective as sulindac, but with fewer side effects (BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine).

The team then tested the same set of compounds on human colon cancer stem cells (CSCs), with similar results to the mouse model: the resveratrol products/grape seed extract cocktail appeared to be about as effective as sulindac in suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells (BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine).

The team at Penn State is hopeful that their work will pave the way for further study, formal clinical trials, and a possible application for grape compounds in FDA-approved cancer therapies. But the efficacy of resveratrol products and grape seed extract as a cancer treatment has yet to be replicated in studies with human subjects, and it’s important to remember that these findings do not yet translate into a pragmatic approach to treatment that human patients can implement today.

ORGANIC SUPPLEMENTS: USE WITH CAUTION

If you’re fighting cancer and frustrated with your treatment plan, you may be tempted to branch out on your own and self-treat with products which are readily available in health food stores and alternative medicine shops. Most doctors would agree that a varied diet incorporating fruits, vegetables, and other vitamin-rich foods is beneficial to overall health, but it’s important to remember that the therapeutic benefits of many over-the-counter herbal supplements and organic compounds remain unverified in clinical trials. Taking these products without the supervision of a doctor may create unforeseen and potentially dangerous interactions with other herbs and prescription medications.

Remember: the fact that a substance is “organic” or “all-natural” does not imply that it is inherently safe. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, dietary supplements are responsible for at least 23,000 emergency room visits in the U.S. every year (STAT). When consumed as a dietary supplement, resveratrol products may cause harmful side-effects in people taking carbamazepine, cytochrome P450 substrate drugs, and antiplatelet drugs, and may even exacerbate certain hormone-sensitive cancers (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center).

If you are fighting cancer and would like to pursue a regimen of vitamins and herbal supplements alongside your clinical treatment, always talk to your doctor first in the interest of avoiding any unforeseen drug interactions or adverse effects. And if you wish to pursue a new course of treatment altogether, always do so under the supervision of a licensed medical doctor. If you are overwhelmed, frustrated, or don’t know where to turn, a medical referral service – like OncoLogic Advisors – can help you find a new doctor or tailor a new treatment plan to your needs.

IN CONCLUSION

While we have seen some promising research involving resveratrol products and other grape-based compounds, a great deal of study and investigation is still required before they are accepted as an effective strategy for fighting cancer. Herbal supplements and healthy eating alone are NOT a substitute for chemo, surgery, or other established, FDA-approved cancer therapies.

And always remember, if you’re looking for a second opinion, help is out there. You don’t have to resort to untested alternative medicine to discover an alternate approach to cancer treatment.

REFERENCES

MedPage Today – Red Wine Study Hints at Breast Cancer Benefit. Michael Smith. 6 January 2012.

https://www.medpagetoday.com/hematologyoncology/breastcancer/30542

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine – Grape compounds suppress colon cancer stem cells in vitro and in a rodent model of colon carcinogenesis. Lavanya Reddivari, Venkata Charepalli, Sridhar Radhakrishnan, Ramakrishna Vadde, Ryan J. Elias, Joshua D. Lambert and Jairam K. P. Vanamala. 9 August 2016.

https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-016-1254-2

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center – Resveratrol. Last Updated: 16 December 2016

https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/resveratrol

STAT – Celebrity selfies, lax regulations drive booming supplement industry. Megan Thielking. 16 November, 2016. https://www.statnews.com/2015/11/16/celebrity-selfies-lax-regulations-drive-booming-supplement-industry/

What is “Xoft?” Understanding Electronic Brachytherapy

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by Oncologic Advisors

Whether or not you or someone you love is fighting cancer, you’ve probably heard that radiation therapy is one of the most effective weapons doctors have in combating the disease. What you might not know is that there are many different types of radiation therapy in use today, and you may have more options than you realized when formulating a treatment strategy (unsure of your treatment strategy?) with your doctor. Today, we’ll explore electronic brachytherapy: a type of targeted radiation therapy sometimes known by the proprietary name of Xoft (pronounced “Zoft”).

WHAT IS BRACHYTHERAPY?

Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy in which a tiny short-range radiation source is placed inside or near the body in close proximity to cancerous cells. By administering a dose of radiation directly into or near the malignant tissue, doctors hope to target cancers with greater precision while reducing collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissues and organs. Brachytherapy may be used to treat a variety of cancers, including breast, prostate, cervical, endometrial, and some skin cancers (UpToDate).

The exact placement and delivery method of the radiation source will be determined by your doctor according to the type of cancer you have and where it is in your body. Brachytherapy sources come in several different types and sizes, which allow doctors to tailor the procedure to each patient’s needs. Some sources look like tiny seeds, which may be placed near the cancer with an applicator. This applicator might look like a metal wand, a surgical balloon, or a thin, ribbon-like catheter (National Cancer Institute).

Brachytherapy may be administered on either an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the type of radioactive source and method of delivery chosen by your doctor. Traditional brachytherapy implants utilize a radioactive substance as their source of ionizing radiation (such as iridium-192 or iodine-125) (UpToDate). Newer methods (like the Xoft system) utilize a tiny electronically-powered x-ray source, which we will explore further below (Xoft).

Your doctor may choose to treat you with a low dose of radiation (or “LDR,” in which the the radiation source may remain in place over the course of several days), or with a high dose of radiation (“HDR,” in which the source is applied for several minutes at a time and is removed between treatment sessions). In some cases, your doctor may choose permanent brachytherapy implants; these implants deliver a low dose of radiation to a malignant area that diminishes gradually over time. As their name suggests, permanent implants remain in place in the body even after the radiation in the source wears off (National Cancer Institute).

In the case of some cancers (like certain early-stage breast cancers), your doctor may choose to administer one high dose of radiation directly to an affected area during surgery; this is called intraoperative radiation therapy (or, IORT) (UpToDate). For example, your surgeon may employ brachytherapy during a lumpectomy. After the tumor is removed, the radiation source is placed in a surgical balloon and inserted directly into the surgical cavity for several minutes. By reducing hospital visits and shortening treatment times, this streamlined, two-in-one approach has an obvious appeal for many patients (Xoft eBx Connect).

Your doctor may recommend brachytherapy alone, or in conjunction with other types of radiation (like external beam radiation therapy) and pharmaceutical or hormonal therapies. Do you need help deciding if this treatment works for you?

XOFT AND ELECTRONIC BRACHYTHERAPY

Brachytherapy has been in use for some time now, but new developments in technology are making the technique safer, less invasive, and more accessible than ever for doctors and their patients. Companies like Xoft and Elekta have begun offering a newer method of brachytherapy called electronic brachytherapy, which utilizes a minuscule X-ray source rather than a device containing radioactive isotopes (Esteya).

Why is this X-ray technology an improvement? Unlike brachytherapy sources which utilize radioactive substances, an X-ray tube only produces ionizing radiation when your doctor switches it on. This means it’s easier for your doctors to take the necessary precautions in order to use the technology safely, and it’s easier than ever for medical facilities to incorporate brachytherapy systems into their clinical infrastructure. In addition, it’s no longer necessary for patients to be placed in isolation in a shielded area while undergoing treatment with an electronic brachytherapy system like Xoft; medical staff may now remain in the room with you during treatment, providing a more comfortable and personable experience for doctors and patients alike (Xoft).

Xoft, Esteya, and other electronic brachytherapy systems are able to deliver a dose of radiation similar to traditional high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy with radioisotopes. That means each treatment session packs a bigger punch, so to speak, which translates into shorter treatment times for patients (Esteya).

Electronic brachytherapy is FDA-approved for use both inside the body (for instance, as a method of IORT during a lumpectomy) and outside the body (to treat skin cancers) (Xoft). When employed externally, electronic brachytherapy is gentle, non-invasive, and may be administered in an outpatient setting. As the technique eliminates the need for sutures or reconstructive surgery after the cancer is removed, electronic surface brachytherapy is a particularly appealing option in treating cancers in visible areas like the nose, eyelid, or other parts of the face (Esteya).

IN CONCLUSION

Electronic brachytherapy provides an array of effective, accessible options for treating many types of cancer. As with any treatment, it’s important to choose a clinic that is familiar with brachytherapy, with experienced technicians who perform a high volume of cases. (UpToDate). If you find your doctor lacks experience with brachytherapy, or if you wish to know more about you may wish to get a second opinion or a referral to a clinic that specializes in this method of treatment.

Oncologic Advisors offers expert cancer second opinions and navigational services. Our group of dedicated, board-certified oncologists find the best treatment options for patients, while connecting them to top cancer centers and clinical trials in the United States.

REFERENCES

UpToDate – Radiation therapy techniques in cancer treatment. Timur Mitin, MD, PhD. Topic last updated April 26, 2017.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/radiation-therapy-techniques-in-cancer-treatment?source=search_result&search=brachytherapy&selectedTitle=2~147

National Cancer Institute – What To Know About Brachytherapy (A Type of Internal Radiation Therapy). Revised Feburary 2012.

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/brachytherapy.pdf

Xoft – What is Electronic Brachytherapy?

http://www.xoftinc.com/electronic-brachytherapy.html

Xoft eBx Connect – eBx for Early Stage Breast Cancer.

http://www.xoftinc.com/patients/patients_breast.html

Esteya – Electronic Brachytherapy Information for Healthcare Professionals.

http://www.esteya.com/healthcare-professionals.php

 

 

 

Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer

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Men have more options than ever before when choosing a course of treatment, including a promising form of radiation therapy commonly known as proton therapy for prostate cancer (UF Health). 161,360 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017, with an estimated 1 in 7 American men facing a diagnoses in their lifetimes. Those statistics may sound scary, but there are plenty of reasons to have hope if you or someone you love is fighting prostate cancer. As the ACA notes, survival rates for prostate cancer are quite high, and most American men diagnosed with this type of cancer do not die from it ([1] American Cancer Society).

Proton therapy (also called “proton beam radiation”) is a targeted method of treatment that provides a more accurate (and less toxic) alternative to conventional X-ray radiation. This therapy has been approved in the U.S. since 1988, but limitations in cost and infrastructure have limited its widespread use until somewhat recently (UF Health). If the idea of proton therapy is news to you, you may wish to learn more about it and ask your doctor if it might be a worthwhile addition to your treatment.

WHAT IS PROTON THERAPY?

Proton beam radiation is a method of targeting cancer cells with a focused dose of proton particles, attacking malignant cells with reduced exposure and damage to surrounding tissues and organs. This precise method of delivery permits doctors to use higher doses of radiation with fewer risks and side-effects for their patients. The greater accuracy allowed by proton therapy makes it a natural choice for treating tumors in delicate or otherwise difficult-to-target parts of the body, such as the brain or prostate (the latter of which is located in close proximity to the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs). The low incidence of side-effects associated with proton therapy also means it is an excellent choice for treating certain pediatric cancers. Localized cancers – that is, cancers that haven’t metastasized, or spread to other parts of the body – are ideal candidates for treatment with proton therapy (UF Health).

So, how exactly does proton therapy work? In traditional X-ray radiation, doctors aim a beam of photons at a tumor in order to attack the malignant cells. But these X-rays don’t just stop short once they reach the tumor: they continue to pass through the body, leaving a kind of “exit wound” of damaged tissue on the way out. But protons are different: because of the way these heavy particles behave, doctors are able to aim a proton beam with just the right amount of energy to penetrate a tumor but stop short before exiting the body. This targeted approach helps reduce damage to healthy tissues and vital organs. ([1] UpToDate).

Proton radiation techniques continue to improve with new developments in technology. For example, some facilities now offer a type of proton therapy called “pencil beam scanning,” which is an even more precise method of delivering radiation to a tumor in subtle, brush-like strokes using a single proton beam (MD Anderson).

Researchers are also investigating what role other heavy particles (such as neutrons and carbon ions) might play in radiation therapy, though our clinical experience with them is still quite limited ([1] UpToDate). Proton therapy for prostate cancer (and other cancers) remains the most common form of heavy-particle therapy in use today (Journal of Clinical Oncology).

PROTON THERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER: WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS?

Proton radiation therapy is non-invasive, painless, and requires no recovery time following treatment. This is promising news for patients, who are able to pursue an advanced, effective treatment plan with minimal impact on their daily lives.

Prostate cancer patients typically receive daily proton treatments five days a week over a course of eight weeks; these treatments are administered on an outpatient basis, and often take no more than 15 to 20 minutes each day. In addition, prostate cancer patients who are treated with proton therapy experience minimal risk of impotence or sexual side-effects both during and after treatment (MD Anderson). Some patients experience mild fatigue, in addition to redness or hair loss around the direct treatment area, but other side effects on the whole appear to be minimal (Mayo Clinic).

Studies suggest that clinical outcomes for patients with proton therapy are similar to those treated with traditional X-ray radiation, which makes it an appealing option for many men who hope to maintain a higher quality of life during treatment without hindering their chances for a successful outcome ([2] UpToDate).

Proton therapy for prostate cancer is an FDA-approved treatment and is not considered to be an experimental therapy – that means you don’t have to be accepted into a study in order to get it. Cost is often a limiting factor, but more insurance plans are beginning to cover treatments as more facilities nationwide continue to adopt proton technology; the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Texas, the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota and Arizona, and the University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute are just some of the locations around the U.S. currently offering proton beam radiation to their patients. That said, widespread infrastructure is still catching up with demand, and many doctors are still learning about the uses and benefits of proton therapy for prostate cancer. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you haven’t discussed proton radiation as an option for treatment, and don’t be afraid to get a second opinion if your doctor is unfamiliar with proton therapy (UF Health).

Remember that there is no one “right” way to treat prostate cancer, and as with other types of radiation your doctor may order proton therapy in conjunction with other forms of treatment. Other common techniques for treating prostate cancer include surgery, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, cryotherapy, and (in cases where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body) chemotherapy. Only you and your doctor can determine which treatment or combination of treatments is most suitable for you ([2] American Cancer Society).

IN CONCLUSION

Proton therapy is an exciting option for many men who are fighting prostate cancer thanks to its accurate, non-invasive nature. Proton radiation techniques continue to evolve with time, allowing for greater precision, shorter treatment times, and better quality of life during treatment. As proton technology becomes more available in facilities across the U.S., more patients will be able to enjoy its benefits and incorporate proton therapy into an effective battle plan against cancer.

Have Questions About Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer or Need Help Making Important Treatment Decisions? Contact us, we’re here to help.
RESOURCES

[1] American Cancer Society – Key Statistics for Prostate Cancer.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

Frequently Asked Questions about Proton Therapy. UF Health Proton Therapy Institute.

https://www.floridaproton.org/what-is-proton-therapy/faq

[1] UpToDate.com – Radiation therapy techniques in cancer treatment.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/radiation-therapy-techniques-in-cancer-treatment?source=see_link&sectionName=Particle%20therapy&anchor=H1070824853#H1070824853

MD Anderson Cancer Center – Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

https://www.mdanderson.org/patients-family/diagnosis-treatment/care-centers-clinics/proton-therapy-center/conditions-we-treat/prostate-cancer.html

Journal of Clinical Oncology – Promise and Pitfalls of Heavy-Particle Theapy. Timur Mitin and Anthony L. Zeitman, August 24, 2014.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4152713/

Mayo Clinic – Proton Therapy Risks. Mayo Clinic Staff.

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/proton-therapy/details/risks/cmc-20185458

[2] UpToDate.com. External beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Steven J DiBiase, MD and Mack Roach III, MD. Topic last updated: April 10, 2017.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/external-beam-radiation-therapy-for-localized-prostate-cancer?source=search_result&search=proton%20therapy%20and%20prostate%20cancer&selectedTitle=1~150

[1] UpToDate.com – Radiation therapy techniques in cancer treatment.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/radiation-therapy-techniques-in-cancer-treatment?source=see_link&sectionName=Particle%20therapy&anchor=H1070824853#H1070824853

[2] American Cancer Society – Treating Prostate Cancer

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/treating.html

 

 

Understanding the Mammogram Procedure

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by Oncologic Advisors

Approximately 252,710 American women will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2017. Breast cancer is the second deadliest form of cancer in women, and of those who are diagnosed around 40,610 are predicted to die. The good news is that early detection radically increases a woman’s chances of survival, and advanced screening techniques (including the mammogram procedure) combined with new, personalized therapies are creating stronger, more effective ways for doctors and their patients to fight the disease ([1] American Cancer Society).

You probably know that the mammogram procedure is one of the most common ways that doctors screen patients for breast cancer. But how do you know if you should get one? And what should you expect if you’ve never had a mammogram procedure before?

Don’t let fear of the unknown prevent you from utilizing this potentially-lifesaving measure. Here we’ll demystify some important facts about mammograms, and talk through what you need to know about standard mammogram procedure before you get one.

SHOULD I GET A MAMMOGRAM?

A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that is used to screen for and diagnose cancers and other breast diseases that may not be visible from the outside or detectable by touch (Johns Hopkins).

Women over 40, women with a personal or family history of breast cancer, and women who have tested positive for certain genetic markers associated with an increased risk for the disease appear to derive the greatest benefit from mammograms. Age is an important factor in determining when a woman should begin to use mammograms as a method of screening: younger women tend to have a lower incidence of breast cancer, and tend to have denser breast tissue that makes mammography less reliable as a preventative strategy.(UpToDate).

You and your doctor must work together to determine if mammograms are an appropriate screening strategy for you. Your doctor may order a mammogram as part of a regular, precautionary regimen (a “screening mammogram”), or if a lump or other anomaly is discovered during a previous mammogram or breast exam (a “diagnostic mammogram”). If so, your doctor will refer you to a radiology facility or clinic that is equipped to perform the procedure. You may also get a referral for a mammogram through Planned Parenthood (Planned Parenthood).

Mammograms are often an outpatient procedure, though your doctor may also order one as part of your treatment while you are in the hospital (Johns Hopkins). Your doctor may recommend mammograms in combination with other screening and diagnostic methods such as clinical breast exams (palpation or examination by touch), ultrasound or MRI imaging, and genetic testing. Modern techniques mean the radiation exposure a woman receives from a mammogram is considered to be negligible (UpToDate).

MAMMOGRAM PROCEDURE: WHAT TO EXPECT

Mammogram procedure may vary slightly from facility to facility, and from woman to woman. That said, there are several basic steps that you should take in order to prepare for your mammogram no matter where you go.

If you are visiting a mammogram facility for the first time, always bring your medical records with you or arrange to have them delivered to the clinic. ([2] American Cancer Society). Always inform the facility if you’ve had any kind of medical procedure performed on your breasts in the past, including previous mammograms, biopsies, breast implants, enhancements, or breast reductions. Always inform your technician in advance if you have breast implants, if you are pregnant, or if you are currently breastfeeding. Women with implants can (and should) still receive mammograms, though your facility may need to take extra measures to in order to ensure the most accurate results. Silicone or saline implants will obscure part of the breast tissue that is visible on a mammogram, and so additional imaging is typically required for women who have them. ([3] American Cancer Society). You may need to arrange for a technician or facility experienced in screening women with implants, so don’t be afraid to ask questions when you make your initial appointment (Johns Hopkins).

Be sure to remove any nipple piercings or jewelry on or near your breasts prior to your visit. Don’t wear antiperspirant, deodorant, skin creams, or powders on or near your breasts the day of your mammogram: many of these products contain metallic substances (like aluminum) which may appear on the mammogram as a white spot or calcification (Johns Hopkins).

When you arrive, your technician (also called a radiologic technologist) will talk you through the details of the mammogram procedure. Be sure to mention any lumps, changes, or unusual symptoms you may have noticed at this time, in addition to any hormonal treatments you may be taking or changes (like menopause) you may be experiencing.

Before your mammogram, your technician will ask you to remove your bra and clothing from the waist up and provide you with a gown. The technician will then have you stand in front of a mammography machine, which compresses each breast between two plates in order to take an X-ray picture. “Flattening” the breast in this way allows your technician to obtain a more accurate image, and also reduces the amount of radiation required for the procedure. This compression may be uncomfortable, but it shouldn’t be painful; scar tissue or recent surgery may cause greater discomfort for some women, and many women find it helpful to avoid scheduling their mammograms immediately prior to or during menstruation when breasts are more likely to be tender. (Johns Hopkins). Don’t be afraid to speak up and tell your technician right away if something is painful!

Your technician will scan each breast one at a time, repositioning the breast on the X-ray plate between each image. Typically, he or she will take two images per breast for women without implants, and four images per breast for women with implants, though the exact number of images may vary from woman to woman ([3] American Cancer Society).

All in all, the whole procedure should take 20-30 minutes. (Johns Hopkins)

WHAT NEXT?

After a radiologist has read and analyzed the X-ray films, the mammography clinic will send the results to the doctor who referred you. The clinic will also mail a summary of these results directly to you ([2] American Cancer Society). You may be asked to go back in for additional imaging after your initial mammogram. Remember that getting called back is quite common, and does not necessarily mean you have cancer. As the American Cancer Society notes, “less than 10% of women called back for more tests are found to have breast cancer.” ([4] American Cancer Society).

You may have heard about instances of “false positive” results from mammograms, or read about the risk of  “overdiagnosis” and “overtreatment” associated with mammograms as a method of screening: that is, sometimes a mammogram may detect a lump or other disease that would typically be benign if it went undetected, leading to unnecessary treatment. The good news is that more specific, “personalized” screening measures – like using genomic testing to determine if a woman is at increased risk for breast cancer, and thusly more likely to benefit from mammograms – are helping doctors to reduce the incidence of false positives, keep costs down, and make the best possible use of mammograms as a screening and diagnostic tool (STAT).

Remember that it is often difficult to tell how aggressive a cancer or other disease may be through mammography alone, so always talk to your doctor about your options for further testing and treatment if your mammogram does come back with abnormal results. Don’t be afraid to ask questions if you have trouble understanding something, or to get a second opinion if you have any doubts or concerns about your results or treatment.

Above all, remember that mammograms are just one of the many resources women have at their disposal to make better, more informed choices about their health. And in the fight against cancer, a little knowledge can be a lifesaving thing.

Have Questions About Breast Cancer or Need Help Making Important Treatment Decisions? Contact us, we’re here to help.

 

REFERENCES

[1] American Cancer Society – How Common Is Breast Cancer?

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html

Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library – Mammogram Procedure.

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/gynecology/mammogram_procedure_92,P07781/

UpToDate.com – Screening for breast cancer: Strategies and recommendations. Joann G. Elmore, MD MPH. Topic last updated: August 26, 2016

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/screening-for-breast-cancer-strategies-and-recommendations?source=search_result&search=mammogram&selectedTitle=1~150

Planned Parenthood – Statement from Planned Parenthood Federation of America Senior Director of Medical Services Dr. Deborah Nucatola on Breast Health Services. October 17, 2012

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/statement-planned-parenthood-senior-director-medical-services-breast-health-services

[2] American Cancer Society – Mammograms: What to Know Before You Go.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/mammograms-what-to-know-before-you-go.html

[3] American Cancer Society – Mammograms for Women with Breast Implants.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/mammograms-for-women-with-breast-implants.html

[4] American Cancer Society – Getting Called Back After a Mammogram.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/getting-called-back-after-a-mammogram.html

STAT – Mammograms plus personalized treatment are the best options to fight breast cancer. Dennis Citrin, February 16, 2017.

https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/16/mammograms-plus-personalized-treatment-best-options-fight-breast-cancer/

What Is Precision Cancer Medicine? How Targeted Therapies Are Changing The Way We Think About Treatment

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by Oncologic Advisors

President Jimmy Carter and Precision Cancer Medicine: In December 2015, former President Jimmy Carter announced that he no longer displayed any signs of cancer following his diagnosis and treatment for metastatic melanoma that had spread to his liver and brain. Carter had undergone a regimen of surgery, radiation, and targeted immunotherapy, crediting a drug called pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for playing a significant role in his apparent early remission. (The Carter Center).

For patients battling cancer, Carter’s story was inspiring: an older patient with a metastasized disease had achieved remarkable results with the aid of a promising new drug. His high-profile case put a new spotlight on a phenomenon commonly known as “precision cancer medicine”: a targeted approach to cancer treatment that’s providing hope and an expanded range of options for doctors and their patients. What is precision cancer medicine and if you or someone you love is fighting the disease, how might new advancements in targeted cancer therapy affect your options for treatment?

PRECISION CANCER MEDICINE DEFINED: DECODING THE BUZZWORD

According to UpToDate.com, precision (sometimes called “personalized”) medicine “refers to the application of patient-specific profiles, incorporating genetic and genomic data as well as clinical and environmental factors, to assess individual risks and tailor prevention and disease-management strategies” ([1] UpToDate). Put more simply: doctors are learning more about the human genome all the time, and are using that knowledge to develop new ways to treat disease. Combined with information about a patient’s lifestyle, environment, and history, doctors may then use that knowledge to decide which treatments might be most effective for each individual patient.

The somewhat broad umbrella of “precision medicine” includes (but is not limited to) oncology.

Oncologists have long sought an alternative to the “spray and pray” approach of traditional chemotherapy, which destroys healthy cells as well as malignant ones and overwhelms the body with a battery of harmful side-effects (such as hair loss, anemia, and even an increased risk of secondary cancers). Certain modern techniques now permit doctors to be more precise and less invasive in their approach, isolating and destroying cancer cells with reduced toxicity and fewer side-effects for the patient. Examples of these techniques include targeted radiation therapies (like stereotatctic radio surgery) ([2] UpToDate), and targeted pharmaceuticals (such as the pembrolizumab that doctors chose to treat Jimmy Carter).

GENOMICS: FROM SCREENING TO TREATMENT

So, how do doctors choose which precision treatments to use? You may have heard your doctor talk about something called genomic testing: that is, the analysis of an individual’s DNA to identify certain traits that may place him or her at increased risk for cancer or other diseases, and that may determine the particular type of cancer a person has. By referencing your genetic data prior to treatment, doctors may be able to make more informed decisions about which course of therapy to pursue. In theory, this strategy should help minimize side-effects, keep costs down, and save valuable time that might be lost through a trial-and-error approach to treatment. (National Foundation for Cancer Research)

Even if you don’t currently have cancer, you may wish to utilize genetic profiling to gain a better picture of your overall health and facilitate the prevention, diagnoses, and treatment of certain cancers in the future. For example, a woman with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer may choose to utilize genetic profiling in order to determine whether she carries a mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which is associated with an increased risk for the disease. If testing reveals that she does carry a mutated copy of the gene, she may choose to undergo more frequent screening measures (such as regular mammograms) in a effort to detect cancer early; she may also elect to undergo a prophylactic mastectomy or oophorectomy to decrease her risk of developing the disease. If she does ultimately develop breast or ovarian cancer, her genetic status may help her doctors determine a more specific (and ideally, more effective) course of treatment: for example, her oncologist may choose to prescribe a PARP inhibitor after an initial regimen of chemotherapy, which research suggests may be particularly effective in women with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancers.

A better understanding of how your particular type of cancer functions on a molecular level may guide your doctor in choosing certain drug treatments over others. In the case of Jimmy Carter, doctors utilized a type of pharmaceutical called an immune checkpoint inhibitor to treat his melanoma in conjunction with surgery and focused radiation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors help activate the human body’s natural immune responses to attack abnormal cancer cells but leave normal, healthy cells unharmed. In addition to melanoma of the skin, this type of immunotherapy has shown promise in treating non-small cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancers, and Hodgkin lymphoma ([1] American Cancer Society).

PRECISION CANCER MEDICINE: WHAT’S THE CATCH?

It’s important to remember that we still have much to learn about cancer. Doctors are still learning about the benefits and limitations of genomic medicine, and our understanding of how precision cancer medicine might compliment more traditional therapies is still unfolding.

As some doctors were quick to note, it may be premature to label any one factor as the “most significant” element in former President Carter’s remission: in addition to targeted immunotherapy, traditional surgery and focused radiation also played important roles in his treatment (MedPage Today). Others postulated that early detection may have improved his prognosis, giving him an overall advantage no matter what treatment strategy his doctors chose (CNN). And above all, the longterm efficacy of Carter’s treatment has yet to be determined: after all, cancer may still recur in the future even after a patient goes into remission and shows no signs of the disease ([2] American Cancer Society).

In addition, the new age of precision cancer medicine and genomic profiling has brought with it the inevitable array of enterprising corporate entities (some more reputable than others), all claiming to offer genetic testing services to directly to the public. These direct-to-consumer testing (or DTC) services have come under increased scrutiny by the FDA, and their efficacy at predicting genetic risk for disease appears unreliable ([1] UpToDate). If you decide to pursue DTC genetic testing, always get a second opinion from your doctor before using the results to embark on a new course of treatment.

IN CONCLUSION

As we enter this new era of medical understanding and discovery, we must remain hopeful but cautious. While modern targeted therapies provide more choices and greater agency for doctors and patients alike, we should be careful not to mislabel the advent of precision cancer medicine as an all-encompassing “miracle cure.” That said, our understanding of the human genome continues to expand by the day, as does our arsenal of promising resources for detecting and treating various forms of cancer – and that’s exciting news! For people like former President Carter, precision medicine may indeed pave the way for a longer, healthier life.

Learn more about Oncologic Advisors

REFERENCES

The Carter Center: Statement From Former President Jimmy Carter. December 5, 2015.

https://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/carter-center-statement-120615.html

[1] UpToDate: Personalized Medicine. Benjamin A Raby, MD, MPH. Topic last updated: April 16, 2016.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/personalized-medicine?source=search_result&search=precision%20medicine&selectedTitle=1~150

[2] UpToDate: Radiation therapy in the management of melanoma. Arnand Mahadevan, MD. Topic last updated: January 16, 2017.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/radiation-therapy-in-the-management-of-melanoma?source=search_result&search=focused%20radiation%20therapy&selectedTitle=5~150

National Foundation for Cancer Research: Cancer Genomics.

http://nfcr.org/genomics/

[1] American Cancer Society: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors to Treat Cancer. Last Revised: March 23, 2017.

https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors.html

MedPage Today: Most Experts Not Surprised By Carter’s Status. Charles Bankhead, December 8, 2015.

http://www.medpagetoday.com/HematologyOncology/SkinCancer/55076

CNN: Jimmy Carter is ‘cancer free’: Miracle or just science? Sandee LaMotte, December 7, 2015

http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/06/health/jimmy-carter-cancer-doctor-interview/index.html

[2] American Cancer Society: Understanding Recurrance.

https://www.cancer.org/treatment/survivorship-during-and-after-treatment/understanding-recurrence.html

Olaparib Ovarian Cancer Treatments: How Oncologists Use Parp Inhibitors As a Maintenance Therapy

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OLAPARIB OVARIAN CANCER TREATMENTS

A promising new treatment option for ovarian cancer patients made news this week when the FDA approved a New Drug Application (NDA) for olaparib (Lynparza) tablets, “for use in platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancers in the maintenance setting” – that is, for people with advanced cancer who have already completed an initial regimen of surgery and chemotherapy, and who have responded positively to platinum-based cancer treatment agents (Oncology Times/FDA). Olaparib ovarian cancer therapies produced some exciting results in clinical trials, delaying tumor growth and increasing survival rates in women fighting an advanced disease.

But how exactly does olaparib ovarian cancer therapies work? And – if you’re battling ovarian cancer – how do you know if olaparib ovarian cancer therapies might be a good option for you? Navigating the landscape of new drug therapies can be overwhelming, so let’s break it down from the beginning.

OVARIAN CANCER BASICS

Ovarian cancer is the second-most common reproductive cancer in American women following endometrial (or uterine) cancer, but it is also the deadliest as it is exceedingly difficult to detect early. Caucasian women, women who have never given birth, post-menopausal women, and women with a family history of breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer tend to be at greater risk of developing ovarian cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer is rare in women under the age of 40 and half of all ovarian cancers are diagnosed in patients over 63 (ACA).

Certain inherited traits, such as a mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, may also put a woman at increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers (you may have heard of the BRCA-mutation by way of Angelina Jolie, who underwent a preventative double mastectomy in 2013 after losing her mother to ovarian cancer and learning she carried an abnormal copy of the gene). When functioning normally in most people, these genes tell cells “to make a protein that helps repair damage to DNA. So people who inherit a faulty copy are less able to repair damage that accumulates in their DNA over time. And so they’re at higher risk of cancer” (Cancer Research UK).

Doctors will typically recommend surgery followed by a course of chemotherapy for most ovarian cancer patients. The specific type of chemotherapy you will receive should be determined by your oncologist after diagnosis and staging, as there are are a number of chemotherapy drugs in wide use today and the most appropriate course varies from woman to woman. The most common agents for treating ovarian cancer are taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) and platinum agents (carboplatin or cisplatin), as “studies have demonstrated that platinum- and taxane-containing chemotherapy improves the survival of women with ovarian cancer over other types of regimens” (UpToDate).

So how does olaparib ovarian cancer therapies fit into this traditional treatment plan?

PARP INHIBITORS AS A MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Olaparib (Lynparza) is part of a class of pharmaceuticals called PARP inhibitors. PARPs – or, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases – are enzymes that help repair damaged DNA. As a targeted cancer therapy against malignant cells, PARP inhibitors “may help keep cancer cells from repairing their [own] damaged DNA, causing them to die.” (NIH/National Cancer Institute).

Recent studies have shown that PARP inhibitors hold significant promise as a maintenance therapy, particularly by increasing progression-free survival (PFS) rates in those patients with BRCA-mutated cancers. Olaparib ovarian cancer therapies itself has been around since 2014, when the FDA approved the drug in a 400mg capsule formulation for use in patients with BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancers (Oncology Times/FDA). More recently, olaparib’s phase II and III trials suggested that even patients without BRCA cancers may see positive results from treatment with the drug, even though people with the mutation still saw the greatest benefit (MedPage Today). And Olaparib ovarian cancer therapies is not the only PARP inhibitor in the game, or to make headlines in recent weeks: niraparib (Zejula) was approved by the FDA on March 27 to treat recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers regardless of the patient’s genetic status (FDA).

To be clear, PARP inhibitors like olaparib and niraparib do not replace a conventional strategy of surgery and chemotherapy, but rather expand the arsenal of options available to doctors and their patients during the following maintenance phase of treatment. It’s important to remember that there is no set standard or single solution for maintenance therapy: some doctors, for example, may advocate simple clinical observation. Other methods (such as maintenance chemotherapy) remain under consideration and research, and new information continues to emerge by the day. However, maintenance chemotherapy performed rather poorly in another recent study, having a negligible effect on overall survival rates and possibly even encouraging chemoresistance in some people (Medpage Today). For patients who wish to avoid additional lines of chemotherapy (along with its associated toxicity), the trend towards PARP inhibitors may come as somewhat encouraging news.

PARP inhibitors, however, are not side-effect free: anemia, nausea, and abdominal pain are just some of the adverse effects associated with both olaparib and niraparib, though some of these symptoms were also common in control groups taking placebo. And for some people, PARP inhibitors may come with some “serious risks”: the FDA notes that niraparib may cause “hypertension, severe increase in blood pressure (hypertensive crisis), bone marrow problems (myelodysplastic syndrome), a type of cancer of the blood called acute myeloid leukemia and low levels of blood cells in the bone marrow (bone marrow suppression)” (FDA). As with any course of therapy, only you and your doctor can determine if the potential benefits of trying a PARP inhibitor outweigh the risks.

CONCLUSION

So, what’s the bottom line? PARP inhibitors may be an exciting prospect for more people than we previously believed, not just those with BRCA-mutated cancers. If PARP inhibitors are news to you, or if you previously thought you couldn’t benefit from one because of your BRCA status, you may wish to to talk to your doctor as your options may have changed with the emergence and approval of these new drug therapies. And for women who do have BRCA-related ovarian cancer, the expanded acceptance of PARP inhibitors is excellent news indeed.

As with any new therapy, we continue to learn new things about PARP inhibitors every day. So keep reading. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. And always remember: it’s up to you to work with your doctor to choose the specific treatment strategy that’s best for you.

Suffering from ovarian cancer? Contact Oncologic Advisors for a second opinion and navigational advice.

 

REFERENCES

Oncology Times, FDA Actions & Updates – New Drug Action Approved for Olaparib in Ovarian Cancer Use. March 28, 2017.

https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm548948.htm?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

American Cancer Society (ACA) – About Ovarian Cancer.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovarian-cancer/about.html

Cancer Research UK – Angelina Jolie, inherited breast cancer and the BRCA1 gene. Henry Scowcroft, May 14, 2013.

http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2013/05/14/angelina-jolie-inherited-breast-cancer-and-the-brca1-gene/

UpToDate – Patient Education: First-line medical treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (Beyond the Basics). Thomas J. Herzog, MD, Vincent E. Herrin MD, last updated February 9, 2017.

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/first-line-medical-treatment-of-epithelial-ovarian-cancer-beyond-the-basics?source=search_result&search=%E2%80%9Cstudies%20have%20demonstrated%20that%20platinum-%20and%20taxane-containing%20chemotherapy%20improves%20the%20survival%20of%20women%20with%20ovarian%20cancer%20over%20other%20types%20of%20regimens%E2%80%9D&selectedTitle=1~1

NIH/National Cancer Institute – NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=660869

MedPage Today – PARP Inhibitor Extends PFS in Ovarian Cancer. Charles Bankhead, March 15, 2017.

https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/sgo/63854

FDA News Release – FDA approves maintenance treatment for recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancers. March 27, 2017.

https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm548948.htm?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

Colon Cancer Survival Rate

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Learning about colon cancer survival rate helps a cancer patient better understand how likely it is that their treatment will be successful. Survival rates do not tell the whole story and do not determine how long a particular cancer patient will live. By observing the 5-year colon cancer survival rates, you will be looking at data that was captured within a 5-year range. Moreover, treatments now may have a better outlook than these numbers portray, since treatments are improving. These statistics observe cases of when the cancer was first diagnosed and does not record instances that the cancer reoccurred. According to the American Cancer Society, “The 5-year relative survival rates are estimates – your outlook can vary based on a number of factors specific to you.” The following statistics derive from The National Institute’s SEER Database.

Colon Cancer Survival Rate

The 5-year relative colon cancer survival rate for stage 1 is 92%. The 5-year relative colon cancer survival rate for stage IIA is 87% and stage IIB is 63%. The 5-year relative colon cancer survival rate for stage IIIA is 89%, stage IIIB is 69%, and stage IIIC is 53%. The 5-year relative colon cancer survival rate for stage IV is 11%.

Colon Cancer Survival Rate

Remember, there are still options for people that are in progressed cancer stages. Every day new treatments are coming out and options are increasing. Oncologic Advisors connects patients to these new treatments, such as cutting-edge clinical trials.  Navigational services, like Oncologic Advisors, can help patients decide on which treatment is best for their cancer type and stage.  By connecting you to the top treatment centers and doctors, Oncologic Advisors helps ensure you are increasing your chances for survival. We are professional and fast in our research, providing you with the best treatment options within a week.

References

What Are the Survival Rates for Colorectal Cancer, by Stage? (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2017, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html

Pancreatic Cancer Survival Rate

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Learning about pancreatic cancer survival rate helps a cancer patient better understand how likely it is that their treatment will be successful. Survival rates do not tell the whole story and do not determine how long a particular cancer patient will live for. By observing the 5-year pancreatic cancer survival rates, you will be looking at data that was captured within a 5-year range. Moreover, treatments now may have a better outlook than these numbers portray, since treatments are improving. These statistics observe cases of when the cancer was first diagnosed and does not record instances that the cancer reoccurred. According to the American Cancer Society, “The 5-year relative survival rates are estimates – your outlook can vary based on a number of factors specific to you.”

Do you need to ask an Oncologist basic questions? Speak to one today!

Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer Survival Rate

According to the American Cancer Society, people (in general) who can be treated with surgery tend to live longer than those who cannot be treated by surgery. Moreover, “The numbers below come from the National Cancer Data Base and are based on people diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic cancer between 1992 and 1998” (American Cancer Society).

The 5-year stage IA pancreatic cancer survival rate is 14% and 12% for stage IB. The 5-year stage IIA pancreatic cancer survival rate is 7% and 5% for stage IIB. The 5-year stage III pancreatic cancer survival rate is 3%. The 5-year stage IV pancreatic cancer survival rate is 1%.

Pancreatic Cancer Survival Rate

Do you need to ask an Oncologist basic questions? Speak to one today!

Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumors Survival Rate

These pancreatic cancer survival rates only apply to people that have been treated by surgery. Moreover, “These numbers come from the National Cancer Data Base and are based on patients diagnosed between 1985 and 2004” (American Cancer Society).

The 5-year pancreatic cancer rate for stage 1 pancreatic NETs is 61%. The 5-year pancreatic cancer survival rate for stage II pancreatic NETs is 52%. The 5-year pancreatic cancer survival rate for stage III pancreatic NETs is 41%. The 5-year pancreatic cancer survival rate for stage IV pancreatic NETs is 16%. Furthermore, “In this database, the overall 5-year survival rate for people who did not have their tumors removed by surgery was 16%” (American Cancer Society).

Pancreatic Cancer Survival Rate

Remember, there are still options for people that are in progressed cancer stages. Every day new treatments are coming out and options are increasing. Navigational services, like Oncologic Advisors, can help patients decide on which treatment is best for their cancer type and stage. Moreover, “There is increasing evidence that the best pancreatic cancer outcomes are achieved at major medical centers with extensive experience” (Hirshberg Foundation). By connecting you to the top treatment centers and doctors, Oncologic Advisors helps ensure you are increasing your chances for survival.

An Oncologist can help you answer basic questions, Have a 30 min consultation with one today for only $125 – no insurance needed! Schedule yours today.

References

Written by Kimberly HollandMedically Reviewed by. (n.d.). Pancreatic Cancer: Prognosis & Life

Expectancy. Retrieved March 04, 2017, from http://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatic-cancer/prognosis-life-expectancy#Outlook4

Pancreatic Cancer Survival Rates, by Stage. (n.d.). Retrieved March 04, 2017, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html

Prognosis. (n.d.). Retrieved March 04, 2017, from http://pancreatic.org/pancreatic-

cancer/about-the-pancreas/prognosis/

 

 

 

February is National Cancer Prevention Month

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Many cancer types can be prevented by making healthy choices, such as avoiding tobacco, limited alcohol, protecting your skin, being active, eating fruits and vegetables, and maintaining a healthy weight (CDC). This cancer prevention month, learn tips that help prevent cancer!

Plant-based foods:

 By avoiding the consumption of red-meat and processed meat, you are fortifying your body against cancer (American Institute for Cancer Research). A report from AICR concluded, “a convincing scientific link between red and processed meats and colon cancer, so it’s a good idea to limit red meat to 18 ounces of lean cuts per week and avoid processed meats like ham, hot dogs, sausage and bacon” (American Institute for Cancer Research).

Be physically active:

Being active for 30 minutes each day, prevents weight gain (American Institute for Cancer Research). Activities can include walking, dancing, vacuuming, among others. You can break down physical activities throughout the day, completing 15-minute sessions.

Lead a healthy lifestyle:

 Cancer prevention lies in everyday choices, such as choosing not to consume large quantities of alcohol or avoiding tobacco usage. It is also important to screen for potential cancer. By finding precancerous lesions, cervical and colorectal cancers can be prevented. Moreover, vaccines, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV), can help prevent most cervical cancers.

About our service:

OncoLogic Advisors are a group of dedicated, objective oncologists providing navigational assistance to patients who have been diagnosed with cancer. If necessary, we arrange for second or multiple opinions from leading physicians—regionally or nationwide. As objective patient advocates, our approach is revolutionary. We cast a wide net and do the analysis and research, enabling patients to make confident decisions about doctors, treatment centers, and methods of treatment.  We review the risks and benefits of each of those treatments—all while providing support and guidance through each decision point—from work-up and beyond. We prepare patients to ask relevant and necessary questions during their doctor visits. Our current healthcare system lacks objective, expert, oncologist advocates for cancer patients. OncoLogic Advisors, a logical, revolutionary service, is changing the paradigm.

References

AICR – eNews: February is National Cancer Prevention Month. (n.d.). Retrieved February 07, 2017, from http://preventcancer.aicr.org/site/News2?id=14377

How to Prevent Cancer or Find It Early. (2016, September 06). Retrieved February 07, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/prevention/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Skin Cancer Treatment: Surgery Is Not Your Only Option

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We have all heard the warnings: “If you do not apply sunscreen you will develop skin cancer.” What exactly is “skin cancer” and can a little sunburn actually contribute to the development of skin cancer in the future? According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, “Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. It occurs when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells (most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds) triggers mutations, or genetic defects, that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors” (Skin Cancer Foundation).

Different types of skin cancers (and pre-cancers)

Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)

This type of skin cancer (pre-cancer) usually appears on sun-exposed areas. Triggered by the damage of the sun’s ultraviolet rays, these crusty, scaly growths usually appear on a person’s face, scalp, lips, and back of the hand. Moreover, “Treatments destroy the affected area of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, which usually cures actinic keratosis” (American Cancer Society). Treatment options for Actinic Keratosis include Cryosurgery, Topical Medications, Photodynamic Therapy, Curettage and Electrodessication, Chemical Peeling, Laser Surgery, or a combination of therapies.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

This type of cancer is usually caused by sun exposure (long-term and short-term). These abnormal growths appear in the skin’s basal cells. The growths appear as red patches, scars, and bumps. Treatment options for Basal Cell Carcinoma include Curettage and Electrodessication, Mohs Micrographic Surgery, Excisional Surgery, Radiation, Cryosurgery, Photodynamic Therapy, Laser Surgery, Topical Medications, or Oral Medicine for Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Melanoma

This type of skin cancer is often referred to as the “most dangerous” of the skin cancers. Melanoma is caused by the exposure to ultraviolet rays, which trigger mutations, prompting the skin cells to reproduce rapidly, causing malignant tumors. Moreover, “Most melanoma cells still make melanin, so melanoma tumors are usually brown or black” (American Cancer Society). Treatment options for Melanoma include surgery.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

This type of skin cancer usually appears on sun-exposed areas (mostly on individuals 50 years or older with fair complexion). Merkel Cell Carcinoma is 30 times rarer than Melanoma (Skin Cancer Foundation). Treatment options for Merkel Cell Carcinoma include surgical excision, radiation, or chemotherapy.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma  

This type of skin cancer is usually triggered by a lifetime of sun exposure. These growths (often scaly, open sores, warts, or red patches) are abnormal cells surfacing in the squamous cells. Although this cancer type usually appears on sun-exposed areas, it can also appear on all areas of the body. Treatment options for this cancer type include Mohs Micrographic Surgery, Excisional Surgery, Curettage and Electrodessication, Cryosurgery, Radiation, Photodynamic Therapy, Laser Surgery, and Topical Medications.

Note about Atypical Moles (Dysplastic Nevi)

 “People who have Atypical Moles are at increased risk of developing melanoma in a mole or elsewhere on the body. The higher the number of these moles someone has, the higher the risk” (Skin Cancer Foundation). If a doctor determines a mole is atypical or if a new mole appears after age forty, a person will need a biopsy. It is crucial to monitor a mole if a doctor determines it is atypical. A doctor may choose to not remove an atypical mole.

Apart from popular belief, surgery is not the only treatment option for skin cancer. If you have been diagnosed with skin cancer, it is crucial that you explore your treatment options prior to committing to any cancer treatment. “We are experts in providing guidance for the non-surgical treatment of skin cancer. We can suggest less invasive options resulting in minimal to no scarring” (OncoLogic Advisors). 

About our service:

OncoLogic Advisors are a group of dedicated, objective oncologists providing navigational assistance to patients who have been diagnosed with cancer. If necessary, we arrange for second or multiple opinions from leading physicians—regionally or nationwide. As objective patient advocates, our approach is revolutionary. We cast a wide net and do the analysis and research, enabling patients to make confident decisions about doctors, treatment centers, and methods of treatment.  We review the risks and benefits of each of those treatments—all while providing support and guidance through each decision point—from work-up and beyond. We prepare patients to ask relevant and necessary questions during their doctor visits. Our current healthcare system lacks objective, expert, oncologist advocates for cancer patients. OncoLogic Advisors, a logical, revolutionary service, is changing the paradigm.

References:

Skin Cancer Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2016, from http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/atypical-moles/treatment

Treating actinic keratosis and Bowen disease. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2016, from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-basalandsquamouscell/detailedguide/skin-cancer-basal-and-squamous-cell-treating-actinic-keratosis

What is melanoma skin cancer? (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2016, from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/detailedguide/melanoma-skin-cancer-what-is-melanoma